Legal aid is a cornerstone of a just society, guaranteeing that access to justice is not a privilege reserved for the wealthy. In India, this right is enshrined in Article 39A of the Constitution, which mandates the State to provide free
legal assistance.
Constitutional Framework
Article 39A of the Constitution, integrated via the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, establishes the foundation for providing equal access to justice. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, formalized this commitment by creating a comprehensive
nationwide framework.
Institutional Structure
- National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) - Policy formulation and oversight
- State Legal Services Authorities (SLSAs) - State-level implementation
- District and Taluk Committees - Grassroots service delivery
Key Services Provided
- Free legal counseling and representation
- Document drafting assistance
- Mediation and conciliation services
- Lok Adalats (People's Courts)
- Legal awareness programs
Eligibility Criteria
Legal aid services are available to various vulnerable groups, including:
- Women and children
- Scheduled Castes and Tribes
- Industrial workmen
- Persons with disabilities
- Victims of disasters or ethnic violence
- Persons in custody
Through innovative initiatives like Tele-Law and e-Lok Adalats, India continues to expand and modernize its legal aid services, ensuring justice remains accessible to all citizens regardless of their economic status.
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